Occupier’s responsibility: The person in charge of premises generating hazardous waste must supply required information to disposal facility operators and SPCB authorities, take preventive measures to avoid contamination and accidents, and provide safety equipment and training to workers.

Packaging & labelling: Hazardous wastes must be packaged and labelled according to their chemical nature with durable, clearly visible labels meeting CPCB/SPCB guidance so handlers and transporters can manage risks.

Liability: The occupier, transporter, facility operator and importer (where applicable) are jointly responsible for environmental damage caused by improper handling. Facility operators may be liable for penalties as determined by SPCBs with CPCB concurrence. Maintain manifests, chain-of-custody documentation, incident logs and insurance documentation to demonstrate due diligence.

Handling: Use appropriate PPE, engineering controls, segregation and containment to avoid exposure (skin, inhalation, ingestion). Train personnel in safe handling and emergency response.

Transportation: Transport hazardous waste only in authorised vehicles and containers, following prescribed labelling, documentation and route/permit requirements. Ensure consignments move to a designated TSDF or authorised recycling/recovery facility under manifest systems and regulatory oversight.

Secure Landfill: Engineered cells with impermeable liners, leachate collection and gas management; used for stable solid hazardous residues.

Deep Well Injection: Controlled subsurface disposal of compatible liquids into isolated geological formations; requires hydrogeological assessment and strict monitoring.

Bedrock Disposal: Encapsulation of solid wastes into geologic repositories with multiple engineered and natural barriers (still under research and used in specialised contexts).