Hazardous Waste Management Authorisation (Domestic)
Modern households rely on a wide range of chemical products—many of them corrosive, explosive, flammable or toxic. These substances must be kept out of regular wet- and dry-waste streams because they pose serious threats to human health and the environment. To ensure safe handling and disposal, the State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) issues Hazardous Waste Management Authorisations for domestic hazardous wastes under the Solid Waste Management Rules 2016 and related regulations.
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What counts as Domestic Hazardous Waste?
Under the Solid Waste Management Rules 2016, domestic hazardous waste includes items such as: • Empty paint, pesticide and solvent cans • Sanitary waste (e.g., disposable nappies and sanitary pads) • Expired or unused medicines, broken mercury thermometers, used syringes • E-waste like CFLs, tube-lights and small electronic devices • Spent batteries and button cells These wastes often exhibit ignitable, reactive, corrosive or toxic properties and therefore demand specialised disposal methods. Householders and collectors must ensure these items do not enter normal wet/dry streams and are channelled to authorised collection/disposal systems.
Why is proper management critical?
Proper management of domestic hazardous waste is critical because of: • Public-health risks: Toxic metals and solvents can cause neurological, respiratory and developmental harm—young children are particularly vulnerable to lead exposure. • Environmental damage: Improper disposal contaminates soil and water, harms aquatic life and contributes to global warming. • Long-term impact: Persistent pollutants linger for decades, creating cumulative ecological and economic costs. Safe handling, segregation, and authorised disposal reduce immediate harm and long-term cumulative impacts on people and ecosystems.
Benefits of Authorisation & Proper Handling
Obtaining authorisation and following authorised collection/disposal processes ensures that hazardous fractions are treated or recycled using safe technologies, reduces uncontrolled burning or dumping, prevents contamination of soil and water, minimises exposure risks to sanitation workers and the public, and organises responsibility and accountability across the waste value chain. Authorisation also brings regulatory clarity for operators and builds public confidence in safe waste management.
1. Mandatory Documents for Hazardous Waste Management Authorisation (Domestic)
• Aadhaar and PAN of the authorised signatory
• GST registration (if applicable)
• Proof of site ownership or valid lease/rent agreement
• Factory licence / trade licence (if applicable)
• Latest electricity bill
• Site layout / plant plan showing storage/collection/segregation areas
• Certificate of Incorporation (for companies/LLPs) with MoA & AoA where applicable
• Board resolution appointing the authorised person (for companies)
• Any other documents requested by the SPCB/PCC such as environmental statements, safety plans or previous consents
Authorisation Procedure
Application: Submit Form I to the State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) or Pollution Control Committee (PCC) within the statutory period (submit within 60 days of becoming subject to the Rules or as required by the Board).
Consent clearances: Where applicable, include 'consent to establish' and 'consent to operate' documentation and ensure you meet any pre-existing environmental consents.
Documentation: Attach all required papers signed by the authorised signatory (identity, site proof, licences, layout plan, process flow, machinery list, safety plans and any other documents requested by the SPCB/PCC).
Review & inspection: The SPCB/PCC reviews the application, may call for clarifications, and is empowered to conduct site inspections to verify details and assess compliance to prescribed standards and safety norms.
Grant & conditions: If satisfied, the SPCB/PCC issues the authorisation and stipulates compliance conditions the operator must follow. The authorisation will typically specify monitoring, reporting and handling standards. SPCBs/PCCs retain oversight powers to monitor compliance and may take action for non-compliance.
Validity & Renewal Timeline
Timelines and validity are prescribed to ensure continuing compliance and oversight by SPCBs/PCCs.
Application submission
Submit Form I promptly (statutory timelines require submission within 60 days of becoming subject to the Rules or when setting up operations).
Ensure application completeness to avoid delays; include identity, site and consent documents as applicable.
Review & inspection
Board review and inspections — variable but SPCB/PCC technical review aims to complete within statutory/board timelines depending on the state.
Inspectors may verify site layout, segregation/storage arrangements, safety measures and documentation prior to grant.
Initial validity
5 years
Authorisation is typically granted for an initial period of five years (as prescribed for hazardous waste authorisations under relevant rules).
Renewal filing
At least 120 days before expiry
Submit renewal application and supporting compliance records at least 120 days prior to expiry. SPCB/PCC will assess compliance history, may inspect, and decide on renewal.
Total Estimated Time
Decision and processing timelines vary by state SPCB/PCC workload and inspection schedules; initial grant time depends on completeness of application and time taken for any inspections or clarifications.
Listicles
Regulatory Framework
- Hazardous Waste Management Rules (1989; amended 2000, 2003; revamped 2016 as 'Hazardous and Other Wastes – Management & Transboundary Movement Rules') — covers industrial hazardous waste generation, storage, transport, treatment, recycling and disposal.
- Solid Waste Management Rules 2016 — includes domestic hazardous waste provisions, segregation and authorised handling.
- Bio-medical Waste Management Rules 2016 — governs healthcare facility wastes (separate from domestic hazardous waste).
- E-waste Management Rules 2016 — covers end-of-life electrical and electronic goods (CFLs, small devices, etc.).
- Batteries (Management & Handling) Rules 2001 — addresses lead–acid and other battery waste streams.
Representative Hazardous-Waste Categories (selected examples)
- Metal & Metal-bearing Wastes (B1/B1010): iron, steel, copper, aluminium, nickel, zinc, titanium, precious metal scraps.
- Mixed non-ferrous metals (B1050).
- E-waste assemblies (B1110).
- Organics mixed with metals/inorganics (B3).
- Paper-product waste categories (e.g., B3020) and selected recyclable hazardous wastes: brass dross, copper dross, copper-oxide mill scale, spent metal catalysts containing hazardous metals, used oil, spent batteries.
Consequences of Poor Management
- Soil & water contamination leading to bioaccumulation of toxic chemicals.
- Air pollution from uncontrolled burning or evaporation of solvents.
- Ecosystem disruption and loss of biodiversity.
- Contribution to global warming through release of greenhouse gases and destruction of carbon sinks.
Need Expert Support?
DoStartUp has a dedicated compliance team ready to secure your Hazardous Waste Management Authorisation smoothly and on time.
We assist with end-to-end documentation, Form I preparation and filing, coordination during inspections, responses to SPCB/PCC queries, and renewal filings.
Expert preparation of site layout plans, process flow charts and machinery specification lists
Assistance with consents, regulatory liaison and inspection coordination
Help drafting safety and emergency mitigation procedures and recordkeeping systems
Timely renewal reminders and compliance follow-up
Book a consultation with DoStartUp to get professional support for obtaining and maintaining your hazardous waste management authorisation.
Key Obligations & Principal Enforcement Bodies
Anyone involved in handling, generating, collecting, storing, packaging, transporting, recycling, recovering, treating or disposing hazardous/domestic hazardous waste must obtain authorisation from the SPCB/PCC and implement safe environment-friendly practices.
Principal enforcement and oversight bodies include the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), State Pollution Control Boards / Pollution Control Committees (SPCBs/PCCs), the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEFCC), and where applicable the Directorate General of Foreign Trade and Port/Customs authorities for transboundary movement.
Obtain SPCB/PCC authorisation before commencing activities that generate or handle hazardous/domestic hazardous waste.
Provide protective equipment, training and procedures for workers handling hazardous fractions.
Implement steps to prevent accidents and mitigate adverse environmental and health effects.
Maintain records, monitoring data and comply with reporting obligations specified by the authorisation.
Compliance is shared: generators, collectors, transporters, recyclers and disposal operators all have roles under the Rules and the SPCB/PCC enforces obligations through inspections and oversight.