Public Interest Litigation (PIL)
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Public Interest Litigation – An Overview
Public Interest Litigation (PIL) refers to legal action initiated in a court for the protection of public interest. Unlike conventional litigation, PIL can be filed by any public-spirited citizen or even taken up by courts suo motu. The main objective is to ensure access to justice for marginalized and underrepresented groups, by holding public authorities accountable and promoting social justice through judicial review.
Objectives of PIL
● To ensure the implementation of legal obligations by the legislature and executive ● To promote justice and welfare of common people ● To protect group rights over individual grievances ● To enable judicial review of public authority actions or omissions ● To dilute the traditional locus standi rule ● To bring legal and social reform through landmark rulings
Who Can File a PIL?
● Any Indian citizen, NGO, or group of individuals ● The issue must relate to public interest and not personal grievances ● Courts can also take suo motu cognizance based on letters or media reports
Significance of PIL in India
● Makes justice accessible to the underprivileged ● Democratizes legal processes and ensures wider participation ● Enables judicial oversight over institutions like prisons and mental homes ● Promotes social justice and rule of law ● Used in significant cases like entry of women in Sabarimala temple, ban on triple talaq, legalization of passive euthanasia, and decriminalization of homosexuality
Benefits of Filing a Public Interest Litigation
● Enhances interpretation and application of laws ● Promotes accountability of public authorities ● Provides a legal voice to weaker sections ● Raises awareness on social and environmental issues ● Offers a low-cost legal remedy with minimal court fees
1. Documents Required to File a PIL
● Identity proof and address verification of the petitioner
● List of affected individuals and concerned officials
● Photographic or written evidence supporting the issue
● Any title deeds, notices, or resettlement policies (if applicable)
● Statement detailing facts, dates, and grievance
● Specific relief sought from the court
Step-by-Step Procedure to File a PIL
● Research the issue to ensure it involves public interest
● Gather all necessary evidence and documents
● Consult a legal advisor or appoint an advocate
● Draft the petition:
- Supreme Court: 5 sets
- High Court: 2 sets and serve advance copy to respondent
● Petition must be addressed to the Chief Justice and name all parties
● File the petition along with documents and service proof
● Court may admit the petition, issue notices, or take suo motu cognizance
Fees for Filing a Public Interest Litigation
Court fees for PILs are nominal. A fee of ₹50 is payable for each respondent named in the petition. The main costs usually relate to legal documentation and representation if professional services are availed.
Timeline for PIL Filing and Resolution
While there’s no fixed duration, PIL cases are typically resolved within a few months depending on the issue, court workload, and cooperation from parties involved.
Drafting and Filing
2-5 business days
Involves collecting evidence, drafting the petition, and submitting it to the relevant court.
Court Admission and Hearing
Varies
Once admitted, hearings and rulings depend on urgency, facts, and judicial discretion.
Why Choose Us for Filing Your PIL?
We offer end-to-end legal support and strategic advisory.
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Submission within 2 working days
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